You can still see the impression of the pads on the disc though where it's been parked. Even in a garage with the handbrake off my pads will eventually stick to the discs. Last time I moved it there was a crack as they released.
I can't say for sure, but the paint is more likely to have come off due to the rust emanating from the unpainted edge. It it was heat, the colour would likely be brown and the friction surface would be blue. My sign of overheat is the dust boots failing, but that generally requires the pad to be much more worn than yours. I personally would not be keen on having flakey paint on the clamped surface (wheel to disc). It's not really the done thing. If it flakes off you could lose clamping load. It look stable enough at the moment in the contact areas, but I'd keep an eye on it.
Be careful what product you bring into contact with brake seals. You can make them swell/degrade.
I really do think you had a bit of water trapped in the groove of your pad and that is what exasperated the pad to disc bonding. Your pads look like new compared to what I bring back from a hard track day ;-)